[Michael N. Huhns <HUHNS@mcc.com>: Announcement: Catalogue of

Charles Petrie <petrie@mcc.com>

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Date: Tue, 30 Mar 1993 07:54:24 -0800
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Subject: [Michael N. Huhns <HUHNS@mcc.com>: Announcement: Catalogue of

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From: Michael N. Huhns <HUHNS@mcc.com>
To: petrie@mcc.com
Subject: Announcement: Catalogue of "ontological" concept-systems

The following might be of interest to those constructing ontologies.

Cheers,
Michael Huhns
MCC

CONCEPT-SYSTEMS CATALOGUE

Fritz Lehmann
145 Exeter, Irvine, CA 92715 USA (714)725-9057
[rarely accessed email: fritz@rodin.wustl.edu]

	This is to be an informal catalogue of existing concept
catalogues and hierarchies (including high level "ontologies") for
possible use in knowledge representation, artificial intelligence, and
database integration. Anybody can contribute (and be acknowledged).
Each concept system is described (in a page or less) with some
references and other information.  I hope to be inclusive, with emphasis
on machine-readable/usable concept (and relation) hierarchies.

	Some people think there is ONE concept system for the true
structure of the world.  Others like me think pragmatic concerns
(subjective or socially agreed-upon) may dictate different structures.
Most "ontologies" have large areas of near-agreement on concepts like
time, space, individuals, properties, etc.  Technical thesauri deal with
more specific subject areas like accounting, subfields of medicine, or
plumbing fixtures.  Philosophical concepts are necessary but
controversial; some concepts like "check-stub" are quite
uncontroversial.  Formalized or not, two aspects of every system are:
its purely mathematical (order) structure, and the meanings of its
components.  Notation or language is incidental to both.

	The page ordering, for now, is vaguely chronological.  It must
be emphasized that only rarely is a concept in one system genuinely the
same as a concept with the same name in another system.  Please let me
know about ANY OTHER concept-systems you know about, or at least give a
reference.
	[I started this Nov. 20, 1992 for the "PEIRCE project" (a
cooperative international implementation of a Conceptual Graphs
inferential database processing sytem, initiated by Gerard Ellis and
Robert Levinson), with a mental list of 84 systems beginning with
Aristotle's.]

	ARISTOTLE'S CATEGORIES
	LEIBNIZ' CHARACTERISTICA UNIVERSALIS
	LODWYCK'S COMMON WRITING
	DALGARNO'S ARS SIGNORUM
	WILKINS' PHILOSOPHICAL LANGUAGE
	LINNAEUS BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY
	(ANONYMOUS) UNIVERSAL CHARACTER
	CAVE BECK
	KANT'S CATEGORIES
	ROGET'S THESAURUS
	PEIRCE'S CATEGORIES
	BOLZANO
	MEINONG
	BRADLEY
	HUSSERL'S ONTOLOGY
	PRINCIPIA MATHEMATICA
	WHITEHEAD'S PROCESS THEORY
	BASIC ENGLISH
	LIESNIEWSKI'S MEREOLOGY
	SEMANTOGRAPHY SYMBOLS
	RICHENS/MASTERMAN/WILKS SEMANTIC PRIMITIVES
	CECCATO'S CORRELATION NET PRIMITIVES
	INGARTEN'S ARISTOTLE REVISION
	LINCOS INTERPLANETARY LANGUAGE
	R.M. MARTIN'S SEMIOTIC PRIMITIVES
	COLON CLASSIFICATION - FACETED
	DEEP CASE SYSTEMS
	LOGLAN/LOJBAN PRIMITIVES
	LAFFAL'S CONCEPT DICTIONARY
	CONCEPTUAL DEPENDENCY THEORY
	ACM COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASSIFICATION
	PARKER-RHODES' INFERENTIAL SEMANTICS LATTICES
	WIERZBICKA'S LINGUA MENTALIS
	KAMP'S DISCOURSE REPRESENTATION STRUCTURES
	HAYES' NAIVE PHYSICS
	EXPLANATORY-COMBINATORY DICTIONARY (MEANING-TEXT)
	MeSH - MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS CATALOGUE
	THE HOLOTHEME
	AM/EURISKO MATH CATEGORIES
	CONCEPTUAL GRAPHS PRIMITIVES
	SITUATION SEMANTICS
	SCHUBERTIAN ("ECO") SUBHIERARCHIES
	QUALITATIVE PHYSICS PRIMITIVES
	SMITH-MULLIGAN ONTOLOGY
	SIMONS' PART SYSTEM
	SMALLTALK DATA TYPE TREE
	OBJECTIVE-C (NeXTSTEP) DATA TYPE TREE
	RESEDA ONTOLOGY
	GRAESSER'S MULTIPLE CONCEPT HIERARCHIES
	LONGMAN DICTIONARY CODINGS (INCL. SLATOR)
	LONGMAN'S THESAURUS
	THE WORDTREE
	PENMAN UPPER MODEL
	SPARCK JONES/BOGURAEV DEEP CASE LIST
	COOK ONTOLOGY
	DIXON ONTOLOGY
	VARIOUS WILLE CONCEPT LATTICES
	RUSSIAN MERONOMY
	SOMERS' CASE GRID
	CHAFFIN'S RELATION HIERARCHY
	CYC PROJECT
	EPSTEIN AM-BASED GRAPH THEORY HIERARCHY
	MARTY'S SEMIOTIC LATTICES
	IRDS DATABASE CATEGORIES
	VELARDI'S SEMANTIC LEXICON
	ONTEK ONTOLOGY
	LAKOFF'S CATEGORIES
	HUHNS & STEPHENS RELATION FEATURES
	WORDNET
	EDR CONCEPT DICTIONARY
	DOUDNA QUANTIFIER RHOMBIDODECAHEDRON
	NIRENBURG'S DIONYSUS ONTOLOGY
	SCHUBERT'S EPISODIC LOGIC CATEGORIES
	UNITRAN-LCS
	RELATIONAL LEXICON HIERARCHY
	SUMM
	SKUCE ONTOLOGY
	PETRI ONTOLOGIES
	TEPFENHART ONTOLOGY
	PLINIUS CERAMICS ONTOLOGY
	RANDELL & COHN'S SPATIOTEMPORAL LATTICES
	HARTLEY'S TIME AND SPACE WORLD
	ONTOLINGUA-KIF
	DICK'S CASE-RELATION SYSTEM

SUGGESTED FORMAT: Brief description, Example, Formalized?, Abstract
hierarchy structure, Necessary/sufficient?, References, Current
authorities or enthusiasts, Machine- readable text?, Machine-usable
structure?, Source, FTP site?, Implementations?  .